Photovoltaic modules generally refer to solar cell modules. Photovoltaic modules, as terminal products in the photovoltaic industry, use a wide variety of raw materials, and the selection of different materials will directly affect the performance of the modules. So, what are the main materials of photovoltaic modules?

Material composition and function of photovoltaic modules

Photovoltaic modules are composed of high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells, ultra-white tempered glass, EVA, transparent TPT backplane and aluminum alloy frame. It has the characteristics of long service life and strong mechanical resistance to external force. The material composition and function of photovoltaic modules are as follows:

1. Tempered glass: Its function is to protect the main body of power generation (such as batteries), and the selection requirements for light transmission: 1) The light transmittance must be high (generally above 91%); 2) Ultra-white tempered treatment.

2. EVA: It is used to bond and fix toughened glass and power generation main body (such as battery sheet). The quality of transparent EVA material directly affects the life of the component. EVA exposed to the air is easy to age and turn yellow, thus affecting the light transmission of the component. In addition to the quality of EVA itself, the lamination process of the module manufacturer is also very influential. For example, if the degree of EVA bonding is not up to the standard, the bonding strength between EVA and tempered glass and the backplane is not enough, which will cause EVA Early aging affects component life.

3. Cells: the main function is to generate electricity. The mainstream of the power generation market is crystalline silicon solar cells and thin-film solar cells. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages. Crystal silicon solar cells have relatively low equipment costs, but the consumption and battery The chip cost is high, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also high. It is more suitable for thin-film solar cells to generate electricity under outdoor sunlight. The relative equipment cost is relatively high, but the consumption and battery cost are very low, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is more than half of that of crystalline silicon cells. But the low-light effect is very good, and it can also generate electricity under ordinary lights, such as solar cells on a calculator.

4. Backplane: function, sealing, insulation, waterproof. Generally, materials such as TPT and TPE must be resistant to aging. Most component manufacturers have a warranty of 25 years. Tempered glass and aluminum alloy are generally no problem. The key is whether the backplane and silica gel can meet the requirements.

5. Aluminum alloy: protect the laminated parts, play a certain role in sealing and supporting.

6. Junction box: protect the entire power generation system and play the role of a current transfer station. If the component is short-circuited, the junction box will automatically disconnect the short-circuited battery string to prevent burning out of the entire system. The most critical thing in the junction box is the selection of diodes. The types of chips are different, and the corresponding diodes are also different.

7. Silica gel: sealing function, used to seal components and aluminum alloy frames, components and junction boxes. The cost is very low.

Photovoltaic module materials mainly include the above seven parts, and each part needs to be treated carefully, and small details have a big impact.